PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: A DETAILED REVIEW
Keywords:
periodontitis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, osteoporosisAbstract
Periodontal disease is a multifaceted and progressive chronic inflammatory condition that results in the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. It has been linked to numerous systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and obesity, many of which belong to the metabolic syndrome cluster. This cluster consists of interconnected systemic disorders such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, all of which significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and stroke.
Downloads
References
Papapanou, P.N.; Sanz, M.; Buduneli, N.; Dietrich, T.; Feres, M.; Fine, D.H.; Flemmig, T.F.; Garcia, R.; Giannobile, W.V.; Graziani, F.; et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2018, 45, S162–S170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Chaffee, B.W.; Weston, S.J. Association between Chronic Periodontal Disease and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Periodontol. 2010, 81, 1708–1724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Eke, P.I.; Wei, L.; Borgnakke, W.S.; Thornton-Evans, G.; Zhang, X.; Lu, H.; McGuire, L.C.; Genco, R.J. Periodontitis prevalence in adults ≥ 65 years of age, in the USA. Periodontology 2000 2016, 72, 76–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Winning, L.; Patterson, C.C.; Neville, C.E.; Kee, F.; Linden, G.J. Periodontitis and incident type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2017, 44, 266–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Tonetti, M.S.; Van Dyke, T.E. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAPWorkshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J. Periodontol. 2013, 84, S24–S29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Pirih, F.Q.; Monajemzadeh, S.; Singh, N.; Sinacola, R.S.; Shin, J.M.; Chen, T.; Fenno, J.C.; Kamarajan, P.; Rickard, A.H.; Travan, S.; et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome. Periodontology 2000 2021, 87, 50–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Gobin, R.; Tian, D.; Liu, Q.; Wang, J. Periodontal Diseases and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Endocrinol. 2020, 11, 1035–1057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Watanabe, K.; Cho, Y.D. Periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome: A qualitative critical review of their association. Arch. Oral Biol. 2014, 59, 855–870. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Yoneda, M.; Naka, S.; Nakano, K.; Wada, K.; Endo, H.; Mawatari, H.; Imajo, K.; Nomura, R.; Hokamura, K.; Ono, M.; et al. Involvement of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012, 12, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Kim, J.-I.; Choi, C.-H.; Chung, K.-H. No Association between Metabolic of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J. Periodontol. 2012, 83, 426–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001, 285, 2486–2497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Genuth, S.; Alberti, K.G.; Bennett, P.; Buse, J.; Defronzo, R.; Kahn, R.; Kitzmiller, J.; Knowler, W.C.; Lebovitz, H.; Lernmark, A.; et al. Follow-up Report on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003, 26, 3160–3167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Grundy, S.M.; Cleeman, J.I.; Daniels, S.R.; Donato, K.A.; Eckel, R.H.; Franklin, B.A.; Gordon, D.J.; Krauss, R.M.; Savage, P.J.; Smith, S.C., Jr.; et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation 2005, 112, 2735–2752. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Adams, R.J.; Appleton, S.; Wilson, D.H.; Taylor, A.W.; Dal Grande, E.; Chittleborough, C.; Gill, T.; Ruffin, R. Population Comparison of Two Clinical Approaches to the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications of the New International Diabetes Federation Consensus Definition. Diabetes Care 2005, 28, 2777–2779. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nibali, L.; Tatarakis, N.; Needleman, I.; Tu, Y.-K.; D’Aiuto, F.; Rizzo, M.; Donos, N. Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013, 98, 913–920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Duarte, P.M.; Miranda, T.S.; Lima, J.A.; Dias Gonçalves, T.E.; Santos, V.R.; Bastos, M.F.; Ribeiro, F.V. Expression of Immune-Inflammatory Markers in Sites
Paul, O.; Arora, P.; Mayer, M.; Chatterjee, S. Inflammation in Periodontal Disease: Possible Link to Vascular Disease. Front. Physiol. 2021, 11, 609614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Khosravi, R.; Ka, K.; Huang, T.; Khalili, S.; Nguyen, B.H.; Nicolau, B.; Tran, S.D. Tumor Necrosis Factor-αand Interleukin-6: Potential Interorgan Inflammatory Mediators Contributing to Destructive Periodontal Disease in Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome. Mediat. Inflamm. 2013, 2013, 728987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Almoznino, G.; Zini, A.; Kedem, R.; Protter, N.E.; Zur, D.; Abramovitz, I. Hypertension and Its Associations with Dental Status: Data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Nationwide Records-Based Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Hlushchenko, A.; Batig, V.M.; Borysenko, V.; Tokar, O.M.; Batih, V.; Vynogradova, O.M.; Boychuk-Tovsta, O.G. Prevalence and Intensity of Periodontal Disease in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. J. Med. Life 2020, 13, 289–292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Gomes-Filho, I.S.; Balinha, I.d.S.C.E.; da Cruz, S.S.; Trindade, S.C.; Cerqueira, E.d.M.M.; Passos-Soares, J.d.S.; Coelho, J.M.F.; Ladeia, A.M.T.; Vianna, M.I.P.; Hintz, A.M.; et al. Moderate and severe periodontitis are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020, 25, 3719–3727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Pham, T. The association between periodontal disease severity and metabolic syndrome in Vietnamese patients. Int. J. Dent. Hyg. 2018, 16, 484–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Campos, J.R.; Martins, C.C.; Faria, S.F.S.; Carvalho, A.P.; Pereira, A.G.; Costa, F.O.; Cota, L.O.M. Association between components of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Oral Investig. 2022, 26, 5557–5574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Milanesi, F.C.; Greggianin, B.F.; dos Santos, G.O.; Toniazzo, M.P.; Weidlich, P.; Gerchman, F.; Oppermann, R.V. Effect of periodontal treatment on glycated haemoglobin and metabolic syndrome parameters: A randomized clinical trial. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2022, 50, 11-21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Lamster, I.B.; Pagan, M. Periodontal disease and the metabolic syndrome. Int. Dent. J. 2020, 67, 67–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Tam, J.; Hoffmann, T.; Fischer, S.; Bornstein, S.; Gräßler, J.; Noack, B. Obesity alters composition and diversity of the oral microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independently of glycemic control. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0204724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353747 (accessed on 1 March 2023).
Ross, R.; Neeland, I.J.; Yamashita, S.; Shai, I.; Seidell, J.; Magni, P.; Santos, R.D.; Arsenault, B.; Cuevas, A.; Hu, F.B.; et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: A Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2020, 16, 177–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Pataro, A.L.; Costa, F.O.; Cortelli, S.C.; Cortelli, J.R.; Abreu, M.H.N.G.; Costa, J.E. Association between severity of body mass index and periodontal condition in women. Clin. Oral Investig. 2011, 16, 727–734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Ekuni, D.; Mizutani, S.; Kojima, A.; Tomofuji, T.; Irie, K.; Azuma, T.; Yoneda, T.; Furuta, M.; Eshima, N.; Iwasaki, Y.; et al. Relationship between increases in BMI and changes in periodontal status: A prospective cohort study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2014, 41, 772–778. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Gorman, A.; Kaye, E.K.; Apovian, C.; Fung, T.T.; Nunn, M.; Garcia, R.I.Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2011, 39, 107–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Nascimento, G.G.; Leite, F.R.; Do, L.G.; Peres, K.G.; Correa, M.B.; Demarco, F.F.; Peres, M.A. Is weight gain associated with the incidence of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2015, 42, 495–505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gaio, E.J.; Haas, A.N.; Rösing, C.K.; Oppermann, R.V.; Albandar, J.M.; Susin, C. Effect of obesity on periodontal attachment loss progression: A 5-year population-based prospective study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2016, 43, 557–565.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Saito, T.; Shimazaki, Y. Metabolic disorders related to obesity and periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000 2007, 43, 254–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Fentoğlu, Ö.G.; Taşdelen, P.; Uskun, E.; Aykaç, Y.; Bozkurt, F.Y. Periodontal Status in Subjects with Hyperlipidemia. J. Periodontol. 2009, 80, 267–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Abu-Shawish, G.; Betsy, J.; Anil, S. Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12684. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Carneiro, D.O.; Gomes-Filho, I.S.; da Cruz, S.S.; Trindade, S.C.; Santos, K.O.B.; Sarmento, V.A.; Bet Freitas, T.O.; dos Santos, H.L.R.; Hintz, A.M.; Santos, P.N.P.; et al. Obesity in young women is positively associated with periodontitis. Clin. Oral Investig. 2022, 26, 6139–6149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Kim, C.M.; Lee, S.; Hwang, W.; Son, E.; Kim, T.W.; Kim, K.; Kim, Y.H. Obesity and periodontitis: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol. 2022, 13, 999455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRefSyndrome and Periodontitis in Korean Postmenopausal Women. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Martinez-Herrera, M.; Silvestre-Rangil, J.; Silvestre, F.J. Association between obesity and periodontal disease. A systematic review of epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2017, 22, e708–e715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Altay, U.; Gürgan, C.A.; Ağbaht, K. Changes in Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters After Periodontal Treatment in Patients with and without Obesity. J. Periodontol. 2013, 84, 13–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Beknazarov Boburjon Bakhodirovich, Usmonova Shoira Ravshanbekovna , Muxamedova Nurxon Halimovna, Usmonov Asilbek Farxodovich (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
License Terms of our Journal.
