O‘ZBEKISTON TEMIR YO‘L TRANSPORTI TIZIMINI INNOVATSION RIVOJLANTIRISHNING NAZARIY-METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI

Feruza Bekbayeva

Авторы

Feruza Bekbayeva Автор

Ключевые слова:

temir yo‘l transporti, innovatsion rivojlanish, nazariy-metodologik asoslar, integral indeks, yo‘l bog‘liqligi, texnologik qulflanish, innovatsion tizim, kompozit indikator, normallashtirish, sezgirlik tahlili.

Аннотация

Maqolada temir yo‘l transporti tizimini innovatsion rivojlantirishning nazariymetodologik asoslari ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi shu bilan izohlanadiki, «transportni innovatsion rivojlantirish» iborasi keng qo‘llanilsa-da, uning mazmuni qat’iy belgilanmagan va darajasini o‘lchash apparati mavjud emas. Tadqiqotda innovatsiyalar nazariyasi, evolyutsion iqtisodiyot, innovatsion tizimlar konsepsiyasi, yo‘l bog‘liqligi (path dependence) nazariyasi va tarmoq sanoatlari iqtisodiyoti qoidalari uyg‘unlashtirilib, besh darajali nazariy-metodologik karkas shakllantirilgan. Muallif tomonidan «temir yo‘l transporti tizimini innovatsion rivojlantirish» tushunchasining ta’rifi berilgan, uning subyekt-obyekt tuzilmasi ochib berilgan hamda tarmoq innovatsiyalarining beshta mezon bo‘yicha klassifikatsiyasi taklif etilgan. Tadqiqotning asosiy metodologik natijasi — OECD va Yevropa Komissiyasining Birlashgan tadqiqot markazi metodikasining o‘n bosqichiga asoslangan integral indeks (ITRI) hisoblash usuli. Indeks beshta blok va 20 ta indikatordan tashkil topgan bo‘lib, normallashtirish etalonga nisbatan masofa usulida, vaznlash ekspert usulida (Kendall koeffitsienti W=0,79; p<0,01) amalga oshirilgan. Metodika O‘zbekiston temir yo‘l transporti misolida 2021–2025-yillar uchun sinovdan o‘tkazildi: integral indeks 0,354 dan 0,595 gacha o‘sdi, ya’ni tizim «shakllanayotgan» darajadan «rivojlanayotgan» darajaga o‘tdi. Eng zaif bo‘g‘inlar ilmiy-kadrlar (0,384) va institutsional (0,541) bloklar bo‘lib chiqdi. Sezgirlik tahlili vaznlar ±20 foizga o‘zgartirilganda natijalarning barqarorligini tasdiqladi (variatsiya koeffitsienti 1,0 foiz). Bloklar kesimidagi tahlil natijalari 2030-yilga borib integral indeksning 0,847 darajasiga yetib, tizimning «yetuk» toifaga o‘tishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqotda tarmoq innovatsiyalarining mazmuni, yangilik darajasi, qo‘llash obyekti, tarqalish ko‘lami va manbasi bo‘yicha klassifikatsiyasi hamda oltita metodologik tamoyil tizimi asoslangan. Yo‘l bog‘liqligi nazariyasi asosida 1520 mm izli standartning qulflanish samarasi va uning innovatsion traektoriyaga ta’siri tahlil qilinib, qulflanish innovatsiyani to‘xtatmasligi, balki uni cheklovni aylanib o‘tish yechimlariga yo‘naltirishi ko‘rsatilgan.

Скачивания

Данные по скачиваниям пока не доступны.

Библиографические ссылки

1. Schumpeter J. A. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. – Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934. – 255 p.

2. Schumpeter J. A. Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939. – 1095 p.

3. Kondratieff N. D. The Long Waves in Economic Life // The Review of Economics and Statistics. – 1935. – Vol. 17, No. 6. – P. 105–115.

4. Nelson R. R., Winter S. G. In search of a useful theory of innovation // Research Policy. – 1977. – Vol. 6, No. 1. – P. 36–76.

5. Nelson R. R., Winter S. G. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. – Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982. – 437 p.

6. Dosi G. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change // Research Policy. – 1982. – Vol. 11, No. 3. – P. 147–162.

7. Freeman C. Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. – London: Pinter Publishers, 1987. – 155 p.

8. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning / Ed. by B.-Å. Lundvall. – London: Pinter Publishers, 1992. – 342 p.

9. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis / Ed. by R. R. Nelson. – New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. – 541 p.

10. Malerba F. Sectoral systems of innovation and production // Research Policy. – 2002. – Vol. 31, No. 2. – P. 247–264.

11. Rogers E. M. Diffusion of Innovations. – 5th ed. – New York: Free Press, 2003. – 551 p.

12. David P. A. Clio and the Economics of QWERTY // The American Economic Review. – 1985. – Vol. 75, No. 2. – P. 332–337.

13. Arthur W. B. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events // The Economic Journal. – 1989. – Vol. 99, No. 394. – P. 116–131.

14. Arthur W. B. Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. – Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994. – 201 p.

15. Liebowitz S. J., Margolis S. E. Path dependence, lock-in, and history // Journal of Law, Economics and Organization. – 1995. – Vol. 11, No. 1. – P. 205–226.

16. Puffert D. J. Path dependence in spatial networks: The standardization of railway track gauge // Explorations in Economic History. – 2002. – Vol. 39, No. 3. – P. 282–314.

17. Puffert D. J. The standardization of track gauge on North American railways, 1830–1890 // The Journal of Economic History. – 2000. – Vol. 60, No. 4. – P. 933–960.

18. Katz M. L., Shapiro C. Network externalities, competition, and compatibility // The American Economic Review. – 1985. – Vol. 75, No. 3. – P. 424–440.

19. OECD/Eurostat. Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation. – 4th ed. – Paris/Luxembourg: OECD Publishing, 2018. – 258 p.

20. OECD/European Union/EC-JRC. Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide. – Paris: OECD Publishing, 2008. – 162 p. DOI: 10.1787/9789264043466-en.