YASHIL IQTISODIYOT SHAROITIDA TEMIR YO‘LI TIZIMINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING EKOLOGIK JIHATLARI

Feruza Bekbayeva

Mualliflar

Feruza Bekbayeva Muallif

{$ Etel}:

yashil iqtisodiyot, temir yo‘l transporti, issiqxona gazlari, karbonsizlantirish, elektrlashtirish, yuk aylanmasi, emissiya koeffitsiyenti, ekologik xavfsizlik, barqaror transport, O‘zbekiston.

Abstrak

Maqolada O‘zbekistonda temir yo‘l tizimini rivojlantirishning ekologik jihatlari yashil iqtisodiyotga o‘tish talablari nuqtai nazaridan o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotdan maqsad yuk tashishda temir yo‘l ulushi qanday o‘zgarayotganini aniqlash hamda yuklarni avtomobil transportidan temir yo‘lga o‘tkazish va liniyalarni elektrlashtirish issiqxona gazlari chiqindilarini qancha kamaytirishini hisoblashdir. Milliy statistika qo‘mitasining 2015-2025-yillardagi yuk aylanmasi ma’lumotlari, O‘zbekistonning yangilangan milliy belgilangan hissasi (NDC 3.0), Osiyo infratuzilma investitsiyalari banki loyiha hujjati va GLEC metodikasidagi emissiya koeffitsiyentlari tahlil qilindi. Chiqindilar kamayishi 2025-yildagi avtomobil yuk aylanmasining 5, 10 va 20 foizini temir yo‘lga o‘tkazish ssenariylari bo‘yicha dizel va elektr tortuv uchun alohida hisoblandi. O‘n yil ichida temir yo‘l yuk aylanmasi 21,8 foizga, avtomobil transportiniki 107,8 foizga o‘sgan. Natijada temir yo‘lning ikki transport turi yig‘indisidagi ulushi 64,2 foizdan 51,3 foizga tushgan, holbuki 2022- yilda temir yo‘l transport sektori chiqindilarining atigi 1,8 foizini, avtomobil transporti 92,2 foizini bergan. Og‘ir yuk avtomobili bir tonna-kilometrga dizel tortuvli poyezddan 3,3 baravar, elektr tortuvli poyezddan 7,8-8,8 baravar ko‘p chiqindi chiqaradi. Ssenariy hisob-kitobiga ko‘ra, avtomobil yuk aylanmasining 10 foizini temir yo‘lga o‘tkazish yiliga 186-237 ming tonna CO2-ekvivalent chiqindini kamaytiradi. Bu Buxoro-Miskin-Urganch-Xiva liniyasini elektrlashtirishdan kutilgan samaradan 2,3-2,9 baravar ko‘p. Rejadagi loyihalar bajarilganda ham elektrlashtirilgan liniyalar ulushi taxminan 54 foizga yetadi, bu «O‘zbekiston-2030» strategiyasidagi 65 foizlik mo‘ljaldan past. Maqolada shovqin, tuproqning og‘ir metallar bilan ifloslanishi va hayvonlar yashash muhitining bo‘linishi kabi iqlimga bog‘liq bo‘lmagan ta’sirlar ham ko‘rib chiqilgan. Muallif avtomobilda yuk tashishning tashqi ekologik xarajatlarini tarifda hisobga olishni, elektrlashtirishni qayta tiklanuvchi energiya bilan bog‘lashni va temir yo‘l loyihalarida ekologik monitoringni majburiy qilishni taklif etadi. Natijalardan temir yo‘l loyihalarini tanlashda ekologik samarani miqdoriy mezon sifatida foydalanish mumkin.

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.downloads##

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.noStats##

Bibliografik havolalar

1. Abduvakhitov, S. R. (2025). Digital solutions for the transition to a sustainable public transport system in Tashkent. Vibroengineering Procedia, 60, 766-771. https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2025.25574

2. Abirova, N. Sh. (2026). Mamlakatni yashil iqtisodiy sharoitida temir yo‘l sanoati korxonalarining iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari. Alfraganus University ilmiy nashri, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.63294/afucon/vol12iss1/143

3. ADB. (2017, 24-aprel). ADB approves $80 million for Uzbekistan railway electrification [Press-reliz]. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/news/adbapproves-80-million-uzbekistan-railway-electrification

4. Adilova, Z., Akhmatov, N., & Boboyev, D. (2025). Optimizing resource efficiency and operational performance of railway terminals in Uzbekistan. An-Najah University Journal for Research, A (Natural Sciences), 40(4), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.a2689

5. AIIB. (2022). Uzbekistan: Bukhara-Miskin-Urgench-Khiva Railway Electrification Project. Project document (PD000341). Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

6. Barrientos, R., Ascensão, F., Beja, P., Pereira, H. M., & Borda-de-Água, L. (2019). Railway ecology vs. road ecology: Similarities and differences. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 65, 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-018-1248-0

7. Borda-de-Água, L., Barrientos, R., Beja, P., & Pereira, H. M. (Eds.). (2017). Railway ecology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57496-7

8. Bo‘ribekova, G. (2024). Milliy iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishda transport tizimining o‘rni. Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va tahlil, (5), 53-59.

9. EEA. (2021). Rail and waterborne: Best for low-carbon motorised transport (EEA Briefing No. 01/2021). European Environment Agency.

10. European Commission. (2020). Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy: Putting European transport on track for the future (COM(2020) 789 final). Brussels.

11. IEA. (2019). The future of rail: Opportunities for energy and the environment. International Energy Agency.

12. Jiang, K., Tian, Z., Wen, T., Hillmansen, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Cost modellingbased route applicability analysis of United Kingdom passenger railway decarbonization options. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 160, 110094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110094

13. Kaack, L. H., Vaishnav, P., Morgan, M. G., Azevedo, I. L., & Rai, S. (2018). Decarbonizing intraregional freight systems with a focus on modal shift. Environmental Research Letters, 13(8), 083001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad56c

14. Loiseau, E., Saikku, L., Antikainen, R., Droste, N., Hansjürgens, B., Pitkänen, K., Leskinen, P., Kuikman, P., & Thomsen, M. (2016). Green economy and related concepts: An overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.024

15. ORR. (2023). Rail emissions: April 2022 to March 2023. Office of Rail and Road.