TEMIR YO‘L TARMOG‘IDA INTEGRATSIYALASHGAN TRANSPORT TIZIMINI BOSHQARISHNING MAVJUD USULLARI VA YONDASHUVLARI
Keywords:
temir yo‘l transporti, integratsiyalashgan transport tizimi, multimodal tashish, intermodal logistika, vertikal integratsiya, transport birlashmasi, MaaS, raqamlashtirish, integratsiya indeksi, O‘zbekiston.Abstract
Mazkur maqolada temir yo‘l tarmog‘ida integratsiyalashgan transport tizimini boshqarishning mavjud usullari va yondashuvlari tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi O‘zbekistonda 2030-yilgacha tranzit yuk hajmini 22 mln tonnaga, mahalliy yo‘nalishlarda temir yo‘l orqali yo‘lovchi tashishni 23,5 mln nafarga yetkazish vazifalari temir yo‘lni boshqa transport turlari bilan yagona tizimga birlashtirishni talab etayotgani bilan asoslangan. Integratsiyalashgan transport tizimi tushunchasining mazmuni ochib berilib, integratsiyaning infratuzilmaviy, operatsion, tarif, axborot va institutsional darajalari ajratilgan hamda ularning ierarxik o‘zaro bog‘liqligi ko‘rsatilgan. Ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlili asosida integratsiyalashgan boshqaruvni o‘rganishning tashkiliy-institutsional, hududiy yo‘lovchi transporti integratsiyasi hamda multimodal va intermodal yuk tashish yo‘nalishlari ajratib ko‘rsatilgan. Yevropa Ittifoqining vertikal ajratish modeli, Germaniya, Avstriya va Shveytsariyadagi “Verkehrsverbund” transport birlashmalari, “xizmat sifatidagi mobillik” (MaaS) konsepsiyasi, poyezdlar harakati jadvalini optimallashtirish usullari hamda intermodal yuk tashishni boshqarish yondashuvlari mohiyati, afzallik va cheklovlari bo‘yicha qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda tizimli yondashuv, qiyosiy tahlil, tasniflash, institutsional tahlil va ekspert baholash usullaridan foydalanilgan. Tahlil natijasida yondashuvlar bir-birini inkor etmasligi, balki integratsiyaning turli darajalarini qamrab olishi va samarali tizim ularni kombinatsiyalash orqali shakllanishi asoslangan. O‘zbekiston temir yo‘l transportining 2025-yil yakunlari va 2030- yilgacha belgilangan maqsadli ko‘rsatkichlari asosida milliy tizimni integratsiyalash yo‘nalishlari hamda qatnov chastotasining pastligi va yagona tarif tizimining yo‘qligi kabi cheklovlar aniqlangan. Integratsiya darajasini baholash uchun og‘irlik koeffitsiyentlariga asoslangan integral indeks taklif etilgan. Shuningdek, vertikal integratsiyalashgan modelni saqlagan holda xarajatlar hisobini shaffof ajratish, Toshkent aglomeratsiyasida transport birlashmasini tashkil etish, yagona elektron chipta joriy etish va “E-logistika” tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Maqola natijalaridan “O‘zbekiston temir yo‘llari” AJ va Transport vazirligi faoliyatida transport tizimini integratsiyalash strategiyasini ishlab chiqishda foydalanish mumkin.
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