LOGISTIKA XIZMATLARI BOZORINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING XORIJ TAJRIBALARI
Keywords:
logistika xizmatlari bozori, xorij tajribasi, logistika klasteri, quruq port, yagona darcha, tranzit koridori, logistika samaradorligi indeksi, quruqlik bilan o‘ralgan davlat, Singapur, Germaniya.Abstract
Mazkur maqolada logistika xizmatlari bozorini rivojlantirishning xorij tajribalari tizimli tahlil qilingan va ularni O‘zbekiston sharoitiga moslashtirish yo‘nalishlari asoslangan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi O‘zbekistonning ikki marta quruqlik bilan o‘ralgan davlat ekani, PQ-28-son qarorda 2030-yilgacha tranzit yuklarni 22 mln tonnaga yetkazish va LPI reytingida kamida 55-o‘ringa chiqish vazifalari belgilangani bilan asoslangan. Logistika klasterlari, portlarni hududlashtirish, quruqlik bilan o‘ralgan davlatlarning logistika xarajatlari va vaqtning savdo to‘sig‘i sifatidagi roli haqidagi nazariy qarashlar umumlashtirilgan. Tadqiqotda tizimli yondashuv, qiyosiy tahlil, benchmarking, guruhlash, statistik tahlil va abstrakt-mantiqiy fikrlash usullaridan foydalanilgan. Singapur, Germaniya, Niderlandiya, Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari, Xitoy va Qozog‘iston tajribalari asosida logistika bozorini rivojlantirishning oltita modeli - raqamli xab, klasterli bozor, darvoza-port, erkin iqtisodiy zonalar, infratuzilma-koridor va tranzit-koridor modellari ajratilgan. Jahon bankining logistika samaradorligi indeksi (LPI) bo‘yicha O‘zbekiston yetakchi davlatlardan 30-40 foizga orqada qolayotgani, Qozog‘istondan esa atigi 0,1 ballga pastligi aniqlangan. Tahlil Singapur va Niderlandiya yuqori natijaga infratuzilma bilan bir qatorda davlat jarayonlarini raqamlashtirish, Germaniya esa hududiy logistika klasterlari, Xitoy logistika xarajatlarining YaIMga nisbatini maqsadli kamaytirish orqali erishganini ko‘rsatgan. Tashish vaqtini qisqartirishning iqtisodiy samarasi hisoblanib, eksport yuklarini yetkazish vaqtini bir kunga qisqartirish yiliga taxminan 0,2-0,7 mlrd AQSh dollari miqdoridagi tarif ekvivalentiga teng samara berishi ko‘rsatilgan. Tadqiqot natijasida O‘zbekiston uchun tranzit-koridor modelini “yagona darcha”, quruq portlar va logistika klasterlari bilan uyg‘unlashtirgan gibrid yondashuv maqsadga muvofiqligi asoslangan. Shuningdek, Navoiy xalqaro logistika markazini qayta eksport xabiga aylantirish, logistika xarajatlarining YaIMdagi ulushini rasmiy statistikada hisoblash hamda qo‘shni davlatlar bilan tranzit tariflari va elektron hujjatlarni uyg‘unlashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
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