TO‘QIMACHILIK SANOATI KORXONALARIDA ISHLAB CHIQARISH RESURSLARIDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISHNI BAHOLASH USLUBIYOTINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Keywords:
to‘qimachilik sanoati, ishlab chiqarish resurslari, resurs samaradorligi, integral koeffitsiyent, ma’lumotlar qobig‘ini tahlil qilish, texnik samaradorlik, ierarxiyalarni tahlil qilish usuli, resurs zaxiralari, Malmkvist indeksi, boshqaruv matritsasi.Abstract
To‘qimachilik sanoati O‘zbekiston qayta ishlash sanoatining eng resurstalab tarmoqlaridan biri hisoblanadi: tadqiq etilgan korxonalarda mahsulot tannarxining 58,3–69,9 foizini moddiy xarajatlar tashkil etadi. Shu bois ishlab chiqarish resurslaridan foydalanish samaradorligini o‘lchash tarmoq korxonalarida boshqaruv qarorlarining asosiy axborot bazasi bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Amaldagi baholash amaliyoti materialotdachi, mehnat unumdorligi, fond qaytimi va energiya sig‘imi kabi bir-biridan ajratilgan koeffitsiyentlarga tayanadi. Bunday koeffitsiyentlar ko‘pincha qaramaqarshi yo‘nalishda o‘zgaradi, korxonaning resurs holati to‘g‘risida yagona xulosa chiqarish imkonini bermaydi va yo‘qotishlarni miqdoriy o‘lchamaydi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi — to‘qimachilik korxonalari uchun integral baholashni chegara (frontier) tahlili bilan birlashtirgan uslubiyotni ishlab chiqish va aprobatsiyadan o‘tkazishdan iborat. Taklif etilayotgan uslubiyot to‘rt blokka (moddiy, mehnat, asosiy fond va energiya resurslari) birlashtirilgan 16 ta ko‘rsatkichlar tizimini, min-maks normallashtirishni, ierarxiyalarni tahlil qilish usuli orqali asoslangan vaznlarni hamda ma’lumotlar qobig‘ini tahlil qilish modellarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Uslubiyot 18 ta to‘qimachilik korxonasining 2021–2025 yillardagi ma’lumotlari (90 ta kuzatuv) asosida sinovdan o‘tkazildi. Tanlanma bo‘yicha integral koeffitsiyentning o‘rtacha qiymati 0,511 ni, umumiy texnik samaradorlik 0,782 ni, sof texnik samaradorlik 0,946 ni va masshtab samaradorligi 0,826 ni tashkil etdi. Integral koeffitsiyent bilan chegara baholari o‘rtasidagi Spirmen korrelyatsiyasi 0,948 (p<0,001) ga teng bo‘ldi, bu esa taklif etilgan o‘lchovning izchilligini tasdiqlaydi. Aniqlangan resurs zaxiralari moddiy xarajatlar bo‘yicha 23,1, mehnat bo‘yicha 44,4, asosiy fondlar bo‘yicha 43,2 va energiya bo‘yicha 41,4 foizni tashkil etdi. Natijalar asosida korxonalarni to‘rt zonaga ajratuvchi resurs samaradorligini boshqarish matritsasi taklif etildi.
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