O‘ZBEKISTON TEMIR YO‘L TRANSPORTI TIZIMINI INNOVATSION RIVOJLANTIRISHNING XALQARO MODELLARI VA ULARNI TIZIMDA QO‘LLASH
Keywords:
temir yo‘l transporti, innovatsion rivojlanish, xalqaro modellar, vertikal ajratish, gibrid model, tranzit salohiyati, raqamli transformatsiya, davlat-xususiy sheriklik, ekspert baholash, transport infratuzilmasi.Abstract
Maqolada temir yo‘l transporti tizimini innovatsion rivojlantirishning yetakchi xalqaro modellari qiyosiy tahlil qilingan hamda ularning O‘zbekiston sharoitiga moslashuv darajasi baholangan. Tadqiqotda Yevropa Ittifoqining vertikal ajratish va birlashgan ilmiy-innovatsion dastur modeli, Yaponiyaning hududiy ajratish bilan vertikal integratsiyani uyg‘unlashtirgan modeli, Xitoyning davlat yetakchiligidagi yirik investitsiya va texnologiyalarni mahalliylashtirish modeli hamda Qozog‘istonning tranzitga yo‘naltirilgan modernizatsiya modeli oltita mezon bo‘yicha taqqoslangan. Ekspert baholash natijalariga ko‘ra, O‘zbekiston sharoitiga eng yuqori moslashuv darajasini Qozog‘iston (integral baho 7,81) va Xitoy (7,27) modellari, eng pastini esa Yaponiya modeli (4,64) ko‘rsatdi; ekspertlar fikrining muvofiqligi Kendall koeffitsienti bilan tasdiqlangan (W=0,81; p<0,01). Xalqaro empirik tadqiqotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatdiki, yuk oqimi zich va yuk tashish ulushi yuqori bo‘lgan tarmoqlarda to‘liq vertikal ajratish rag‘batlar nomutanosibligi tufayli xarajatlarni oshiradi, bu esa Yevropa modelini O‘zbekistonda to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri takrorlashning maqsadga muvofiq emasligini anglatadi. Tadqiqot natijasida to‘rtta blokdan — institutsional, investitsion-moliyaviy, texnologik hamda kadrlar va ilmiy blokdan iborat gibrid model ishlab chiqilgan va uni joriy etishning uch bosqichli yo‘l xaritasi taklif etilgan. Gibrid model Yevropa modelidan tartibga solish tamoyillari va birlashgan ilmiy-innovatsion dastur g‘oyasini, Xitoy va Qozog‘iston modellaridan yirik investitsiya mexanizmi hamda texnikani mahalliylashtirish siyosatini, Yaponiya modelidan esa qiyosiy raqobat va transportdan tashqari daromad manbalarini shakllantirish tajribasini o‘zlashtiradi. Modelni joriy etish institutsional, texnologik va ilmiy-kadrlar bosqichlaridan iborat bo‘lib, 2026–2030-yillarga mo‘ljallangan. Tadqiqotda Xitoy–Qirg‘iziston– O‘zbekiston temir yo‘li loyihasining tranzit salohiyatiga ta’siri hamda Makmal stansiyasida iz kengligining o‘zgarishi bilan bog‘liq texnologik cheklov alohida tahlil qilingan. Model 2030-yilgacha yo‘lovchi tashishni ikki barobar, elektrlashtirish ulushini 51 foizdan 65 foizgacha oshirish va tannarxni 20 foizgacha kamaytirish vazifalarini bajarishga xizmat qiladi.
Downloads
References
1. Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the Community’s railways // Official Journal of the European Communities. – L 237, 24.08.1991. – P. 25–28.
2. Nash C. A., Smith A. S. J., van de Velde D., Mizutani F., Uranishi S. Structural reforms in the railways: Incentive misalignment and cost implications // Research in Transportation Economics. – 2014. – Vol. 48. – P. 16–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2014.09.027.
3. Mizutani F., Smith A., Nash C., Uranishi S. Comparing the Costs of Vertical Separation, Integration, and Intermediate Organisational Structures in European and East Asian Railways // Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. – 2015. – Vol. 49, No. 3. – P. 496–515.
4. Cantos P., Pastor J. M., Serrano L. Vertical and Horizontal Separation in the European Railway Sector and its Effects on Productivity // Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. – 2010. – Vol. 44, No. 2. – P. 139–160.
5. Fitzová H. European railway reforms and efficiency: Review of evidence in the literature // Review of Economic Perspectives. – 2017. – Vol. 17, No. 2. – P. 103–120.
6. Fukui K. Japanese National Railways Privatization Study: The Experience of Japan and Lessons for Developing Countries. – Washington: World Bank Discussion Papers, No. 172, 1992. – 76 p.
7. Changing Trains: Railway Reform and the Role of Competition. The Experience of Six Countries / Ed. by D. van de Velde. – Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002. – 320 p.
8. Development of next-generation high-speed railways: Current status, trends, and suggestions // Railway Sciences / Transportation Research. – 2025. – Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949867825000911
9. Council Regulation (EU) 2021/2085 of 19 November 2021 establishing the Joint Undertakings under Horizon Europe // Official Journal of the European Union. – L 427, 30.11.2021. – P. 17–119.
10. Bobojonova Z. Sh. Temir yo‘l transportida singulyar va amaliy iqtisodiyotni takomillashtirish metodologiyasi: monografiya. – Toshkent: «O‘zkitobsavdonashriyoti» MChJ, 2026. – ISBN 978-9910-610-48-6.
11. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2023-yil 11-sentabrdagi PF-158-son «“O‘zbekiston – 2030” strategiyasi to‘g‘risida»gi Farmoni. – Toshkent, 2023.
12. «O‘zbekiston temir yo‘llari» aksiyadorlik jamiyati. Tarmoqni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha 2026–2030-yillarga mo‘ljallangan ustuvor vazifalar: hisobot materiallari. – Toshkent, 2025. – https://railway.uz
13. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy statistika qo‘mitasi. Transport va yuk aylanmasi ko‘rsatkichlari: tahliliy ma’lumotlar. – Toshkent, 2025. – https://stat.uz
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License Terms of our Journal
